Complex sentence

Complex sentence is a combination from a dependent clause and an independent clause. The two clause is joined by a subordinating conjunction. The subordinating conjunction can be placed in the front of the dependent clause, then followed by a comma and the independent clause. The subordinating conjunction can also be placed in the middle. For more, lets look at the example:

When  my sister sick,  mother didn’t let her eats ice cream

Sub. conj. – dependent c. – independent c.

She can’t bake the cake unless she buy the flour and sugar

Independent c. – sub. Conj. – dependent c.

So in short, the structure of complex sentence is either dependent clause and independent clause separated by comma or independent clause first then followed by dependent clause.

There are about 25 subordinating conjunction that is often used. Below is the list:

After

Although

As

As soon as

Because

Before

By the time

Even if

Even though

Every time

If

In case

Now that

Once

Since

So that

Than

The first time

Unless

Until

When

Whenever

Whether or not

While

Why

Here’s more example about complex sentence:

·         When the doorbell rang, Hanna’s dog barked loudly

·         I likes to eat the popcorn before I watch a movie

·         Elsa was still the best player on the team despite her advancing years

·         Stay in the room until the phone rings

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Compound Sentence

Compound sentence is two or more clause joined by a conjunction or an appropriate
mark of punctuation. Usually it joined by conjunction, but in some case it joined by a semicolon (;). There are some conjunction that can be used as coordinating conjunction, that is:
- For
- And
- Nor
- But
- Or
- Yet
- So

Example of sentence using coordinating conjunction:
- I cook noodles, so Anna plays piano.
- Emily is beautiful, but she is lazy.
- Diana ate too much spicy food last night, so she got stomachache.

When joining two clause with coordinating conjunction, we should separate the two clause with a comma (,). So, the structure is clause one - comma - coordinating conjunction - second clause.

Compound sentence can use semicolon to separate between two clause. A semicolon creates an abrupt transition between the clauses, usually for sharp emphasis or contrast.

Example of compound sentence using semicolon:
- The sky is clear today; the sun shines brightly.
- Lilia made the cookies; Evelyn decorated them.
- Gwen washes the dirty plates; Kiki cleans kitchen counter.

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Sentence

Sentence is a group of word that have one concept/idea. There are few characteristics of a group of words to be called a sentence, that is:
First, the entire words form one concept. In other words, the sentence doesn't have more than one meaning. For example: Altria catches a butterfly yesterday. This sentence have no other meaning beside what we get from reading.
Second, a sentence at least consist of subject and predicate. This type of sentence is the simplest sentence, and named 'simple sentence'.
For example: The Hallway   is clean
                              S                P

The sentence above is an example for simple sentence. Even without an object, reader should be able to grasp the meaning behind the sentence.
Third, types of sentence. There are four types of sentence, as the following:
• Declarative, stating something.
 Example: Martha is training her dragon.
 • Interrogative, asking about something in form of 5W+1H.
 Example: Where is Elizabeth?
• Imperative, giving command or requesting something.
 Example: Please leave the command room now!
• Exclamarative, giving strong emotion.
Example: Today's weather is perfect.

 Beside simple sentence, there are three more kinds of sentence.
 First, compound sentence. In compound sentence, there are little thing called conjunction. Conjunction connect the first half (called a clause) of the sentence with the rest.
 Example: Mash is catching a bug,    and    Altria is catching a butterfly.
                         first clause              conj.           second clause

 Next, there are complex sentence. In complex sentence there are a clause called dependent clause, meaning the clause can not stand alone, a subordinator and independent clause. So if the subordinator comes first followed by dependent clause, there must be a comma separating two clauses.
Example: Because     she failed the test,    Chacha is crying.
          Subordinators    dependent c.           independent c.

 Last but not least, there are Compound-complex sentence. This type is combination between compound sentence and complex sentence.
Example: Because   it is raining,  Emma can't go home    since   she didn't brings her umbrella
                  Sub.      depend.c.                                       conj.

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